Amino Acid Prodrugs of Acyclovir: Ocular Herpes Infections (Paperback)

Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the single most frequent cause of corneal opacities. Current available therapy for HSV keratitis involves the use of trifluorothymidine, idoxuridine and vidarabine. However, one of major problems associated with these drugs is their cytotoxicity. Acyclovir (ACV) with its selective mechanism of action can cause less cytotoxicity but its poor permeability across cellular barrier limits its utility. Thus, the development of a safe, long- acting, effective and stable topical antiviral drops that require less frequent dosing would represent a significant improvement. Recently design of prodrugs targeted to membrane transporters for improved efficacy and absorption proved highly successful. valacyclovir (VACV) is such a prodrug that increased the oral bioavailability of ACV by 3-5 fold in humans. Recently the presence of these transport systems on the corneal epithelium has been established in our laboratory. A series of novel water soluble amino acid ester prodrugs of ACV were thus synthesized. In conclusion more permeable, less cytotoxic Ser-acyclovir (SACV) exhibited excellent antiviral activity against HSV viruses.