Pre-Owned The Fundamental Institution: Poverty, Social Welfare, and Agriculture in American Poor Farms (Hardcover) by Megan Birk
Pre-Owned The Fundamental Institution: Poverty, Social Welfare, and Agriculture in American Poor Farms (Hardcover) by Megan Birk
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Pre-Owned The Fundamental Institution: Poverty, Social Welfare, and Agriculture in American Poor Farms (Hardcover) by Megan Birk

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Key item features

  • ISBN: 9780252044380
  • Condition: Pre-Owned: Good
  • Hard cover
  • Language: English
  • Pages: 300
  • Sewn binding. Cloth over boards. 300 p. Contains: Illustrations.
  • By the early 1900s, the poor farm had become a ubiquitous part of America's social welfare system. Megan Birk's history of this foundational but forgotten institution focuses on the connection between agriculture, provisions for the disadvantaged, and the daily realities of life at poor farms. Conceived as an inexpensive way to provide care for the indigent, poor farms in fact attracted wards that ranged from abused wives and the elderly to orphans, the disabled, and disaster victims. Most people arrived unable rather than unwilling to work, some because of physical problems, others due to a lack of skills or because a changing labor market had left them behind. Birk blends the personal stories of participants with institutional histories to reveal a loose-knit system that provided a measure of care to everyone without an overarching philosophy of reform or rehabilitation. In-depth and innovative, The Fundamental Institution offers an overdue portrait of rural social welfare in the United States.
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What is Pre-Owned: Good?

Has been read and shows minimal signs of wear like an owner's inscription or foxing, but no tearing and all pages are present.

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Product image for illustration purposes only. The item you receive may vary from the image in minor ways, such as slight differences in appearance, color, and/or design. *Exceptions apply during holiday season, and on certain electronics, collectibles, and jewelry.

Pre-Owned: Good

A well-cared-for item that has seen limited use but remains in great condition. Item and instructions are complete and included.

What is the Walmart Pre-Owned Program?

Walmart Pre-Owned allows you to find previously owned, well-cared-for items from Walmart’s trusted & performance-managed sellers. Shopping Pre-Owned allows you to bring home the best-quality picks at even lower prices, in addition to extending the life of an item & reducing waste. Find your favorites & shop a range of conditions in every category.

See here for additional details & specific condition qualifications.

Why Walmart Pre-Owned?

Trusted sellers & quality items

Each Pre-Owned item listed comes from Walmart’s trusted performance-managed sellers, to ensure you get quality items.

Quality you can afford

Save even more on top brands & your most-loved items.

30-day free returns

Don’t love it? Most items offer a 30-day* free return policy, for added peace of mind.

Sustainability

Shopping Pre-Owned helps in extending the life of an item & reducing waste.

Product image for illustration purposes only. The item you receive may vary from the image in minor ways, such as slight differences in appearance, color, and/or design. *Exceptions apply during holiday season, and on certain electronics, collectibles, and jewelry.

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