In the Anthropocene era, the exploitation and depletion of water resources have brought the world to a critical juncture, exacerbating risks and creating profound social and environmental crises. India, with its rich heritage of ancient hydraulic techniques, now grapples with the challenges posed by modern water demands, rapid groundwater extraction, and the socio-political dynamics of a global ecological crisis. At the heart of these challenges lies a complex interplay between water management and social hierarchies, particularly in the context of caste and gender. This book provides an in-depth examination of the persistent caste and gender inequalities in water management across South India. Drawing on seven case studies from Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Kerala, and Telangana, Professor Dasthagir explores how deeply entrenched social structures continue to influence access to and control over water resources. The book delves into the marginalization of Dalit communities, who are often excluded from irrigation systems and decision-making processes, and the systemic barriers faced by women, whose roles in water management are frequently undermined by patriarchal norms. Grounded in interdisciplinary research, the book also reflects on ancient Tamil literature, rainfall patterns, and the socio-cultural significance of water in South Indian communities. It highlights how historical injustices, coupled with modern challenges, perpetuate inequalities in water distribution and management. The book advocates for stronger public policies and community participation to address these disparities, calling for a shift towards more inclusive and equitable water governance. By weaving together historical insights, contemporary challenges, and the voices of marginalized communities, this book offers a comprehensive analysis of water management in South India.
