Sustainable livelihood security of resource-poor farmers is the top priority for the nation today. Sustainable livelihood security of resource-poor farmers is the top priority for the nation today. However, there is a wide gap in the productivity of various horticultural commodities among different eco-regions, where horticulture can play a significant role, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, it is far below the potential productivity. Hence, sustained and steady growth in rural income is critical for a positive impact on the living standards of various stakeholders. Therefore, an appropriate strategy needs to be devised for such climatically vulnerable regions. The net income of farmers can surely be increased by efficient management of nutrients, water, and agri-input, integrated horticulture-based farming system, better market price realization, post-harvest management, and value addition, integration of secondary enterprises thereby improving the productivity of arid and semi-arid horticultural crops. In this book, several such interventions are given in the form of various chapters which will be of immense use in improving the productivity and profitability of horticultural commodities.